Criminal Justice Example

Criminal Justice Example Criminal Justice – Coursework Example Due Process Due process is a common term in the field of law and describes the concept of farness regarding all legal affairs. It stands for the rights of individuals and the manner in which they ought to receive treatment from the state. All the procedures and court practice ought to receive critical attention so that eventually the treatment of the particular individual is impartial. Through due process, the constitution and the state receive respect from the citizens. The American legal system is one that has received a lot of criticism from both the local people and even internationally (Roach, 2012). The reason for the criticism is the fact that many cases remain pending in courts while others receive conclusions without critical review of present evidence. It is because of this that the American system requires the due process to receive attention critically. The American legal system also requires the due process to evaluate the validity of the case in hand.Without due process , many cases in the contemporary environment would go without appropriate judgment (Orth, 2013). Many guilty people would not receive the judgment that they deserve and consequently the environment would have more sociopaths roaming. It is also critical to note that without due process, the justice system would lack in fairness and this would lead to many innocent parties getting time in jail. Moreover, the perpetrators of the system would continue with their behavior knowing that the government is unresponsive. I would not want to live in a society that does not follow the due process rights. The reason for this is that such a society has people that do not appreciate the system and consequently carry on their activities without worry of the system. Such an environment is very unsafe for the occupants and I would have a guilty conscience living in such a place. Moreover, I would live in fear because I could get implication for a crime. ReferenceOrth, J. (2013). Due Process. London: Oxford University Press.Roach, K. (2012). Due Process and Rights. Chicago: Chicago University Press. Criminal Justice Example Criminal Justice – Coursework Example Methods of Inquiry in Criminal Justice Affiliation Methods of Inquiry in Criminal Justice Inquiry plays a crucial role in criminal justice. Inquiry not only helps us to reconstruct the past but also helps us to create new knowledge that may come in handy in solving contemporary problems. It is essential for criminal justice practitioners to sharpen their inquiry skills so as to enable them propagate a fair process of criminal investigation. This essay will examine critical methods of investigation as well as how they applied in a criminal investigation. In addition, the article will also delve into the scientific method of investigation and its application to a criminal investigation. There are several methods of investigation that include; surveys, content analysis, field research and deductive reasoning. Firstly, content analysis refers to reviewing and analyzing text composed by someone and then applying their recommendations to solve a crime (Maxfield and Babbie, 2014). Secondly, survey involves having interviews with respondents one on one or via questionnaires online and then using the data to solve a crime. Thirdly, in field research, a criminal investigator observes the behavior of subjects and then proceeds to draw conclusions from the observations made. Finally, in deductive reasoning, theory is applied on a problem to explain its existence and provide a method to deal with it (Vito, Kunselman and Tewksbury, 2008, p. 8). The scientific method is an essential method used by criminal investigators as it allows minimum room for error. It is a systematic approach that involves the identification of a problem, carrying out observations, forming hypotheses, testing hypotheses and finally evaluating the theories to come up with knowledge. Criminal justice practitioners will have to identify a problem and then reduce it to a researchable level. From that point forward, the specialist will have to design a method to find evidence to support his hypothesis. Aft er evidence has been collected and analyzed, conclusions can now be drawn as to the best method to use in solving the problem that had been identified. It is clearly evident from this essay that inquiry is essential to criminal investigators in solving crimes satisfactorily. The key methods of examination include but are not limited to survey, content analysis, field research, and deductive reasoning. Of all the approaches to research, the scientific process is the most important as it provides a small margin of error. The scientific method incorporates problem identification, hypothesis formation, hypothesis testing as well as theory evaluation in crime solution. As such, the scientific method is at the forefront of crime solution by crime investigators.References Ferdico, J. N., Fradella, H. F., & Totten, C. D. (2013).  Criminal procedure for the criminal justice professional. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Joyce, P. (2006).  Criminal justice: An introduction to crim e and the criminal justice system. Cullompton [u.a.: Willan. Maxfield, M., & Babbie, E. (2014).  Research methods for criminal justice and criminology. Cengage Learning. Vito, G., Kunselman, J., & Tewksbury, R. (2008).  Introduction to Criminal Justice Research Methods: An Applied Approach. Springfield: Charles C Thomas Publisher, LTD.

Conventions of Editing House Style

Conventions of Editing House Style The expression house style refers to the specific usage and editing conventions followed by writers and editors to ensure stylistic consistency in a particular publication or series of publications (newspapers, magazines, journals, websites, books). House-style guides (also known as style sheets or stylebooks) typically provide rules on such matters as abbreviations, capital letters, numbers, date formats, citations, spelling, and terms of address. According to  Wynford Hicks and Tim Holmes, An individual publications  house style is  increasingly seen as an important part of its image and as a marketable commodity in its own right (Subediting for Journalists, 2002). Examples and Observations House style is not a reference to the canard that an entire magazine can be made to sound as if it were written by one writer. House style is a mechanical application of things like spelling and italics. (John McPhee, The Writing Life: Draft No. 4. The New Yorker, April 29, 2013) The Argument for Consistency House style is the way a publication chooses to publish in matters of detail- single quotes or double, use of capitals and lower case, when to use italics, and so on. Putting a piece of copy into house style is the straightforward process of making it fit in with the rest of the publication. The main purpose is consistency rather than correctness... The argument for consistency is  very simple. Variation that has no purpose is distracting. By keeping a consistent style in matters of detail a publication encourages readers to concentrate on what its writers are saying (Wynford Hicks and Tim Holmes,  Subediting for Journalists. Routledge, 2002) Guardian Style [A]t the Guardian . . . , we, like just about every media organisation in the world, have a house style guide... Yes, part of it is about consistency, trying to maintain the standards of good English that our readers expect, and correcting former editors who write such things as This argument, says a middle-aged lady in a business suit called Marion . . .. But, more than anything, the Guardian style guide is about using language that maintains and upholds our values . . .. (David Marsh, Mind Your Language. The Guardian [UK], August 31, 2009) The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage We recently revised two longstanding rules in The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage, the newsroom’s style guide... They were very minor changes, involving simple matters of capitalization and spelling. But the old rules, in different ways, had long annoyed some Times readers. And the issues illustrate the competing arguments of preference, tradition and consistency behind many style rules. . . . We continue to favor clarity and consistency over a hodgepodge of idiosyncratic preferences. We prefer established usage over change for change’s sake. And we put the needs of the general reader over the desires of any particular group.. Consistency is a virtue. But stubbornness isn’t, and we’re willing to consider revisions when a good case can be made. (Philip B. Corbett, When Every Letter Counts. The New York Times, February  18, 2009) A Set of Local Fetishes For most magazines, house style is just an arbitrary set of local fetishes that matter to no one but those insiders petty enough to care. (Thomas Sowell, Some Thoughts About Writing. Hoover Press, 2001)

ISLAMIC JIHAD UNION (IJU)---Terrorist Group Research Paper

ISLAMIC JIHAD UNION (IJU)---Terrorist Group - Research Paper Example This Uzbeki based organization is thus now acclaimed as a banned organization by the UK, US and some other nations, also actively condemned on the UN forum. Introduction Islamic Jihadi Union (IJU), which was previously known as the Islamic Jihad Group, is an organized terrorist group which has often seen conducting attacks on Uzbekistan and even Germany. Being one of the most widely studied terrorist organizations; it is also referred to as Jamiyat, Jamaay Mojahidin, Islomi Jihad and the Kazakh Jammat. The organization was founded in 2002, and the origin of Islamic Jihadi Union stems from Pakistan. Analyzing the ethnic origins of the organization, most of the members have Uzbek ethnicity, while Tajik, Kyrgyz and Turks are also found amongst the ethnic group members. Since the basis of the organization is religious in nature, it is also significant to identify the religious roots of IJU, and thus, IJU has a Sunni Muslim inclination (Asal 2007). The organization includes about 100-150 people as active participants who incorporate the main body of the organization. Though Uzbekistan is the sole focus of IJU, it is also found executing activities in other states like Pakistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Also, the organization doesn’t entirely base its operations in isolation, rather it has also found to have associations with IMU, Al-Qaeda, the Haqqani Network and the Uighur and the Chechen Groups. Ideology of IJU Mainly implementing the true Islamic Ideology and executing the fundamental Islamic principles as interpreted by the founding fathers of IJU comprises the philosophical basis of the organization. However, strategically speaking, the main goal of the organization was the overthrow the Uzbek government in favor of IJU governing body. However, as the organization gained momentum, and also, the organizational setup matured in 2007, IJU`s mission became global in nature. The transnational agenda of IJU is similar to that of Al-Qaeda, w hich includes the advocacy for a free Palestine and supporting the coalition forces in Afghanistan. In 2009, IJU was focused upon the goal of overthrowing Karimov from power in Uzbekistan. (Inbar and Frisch 2008) Background IMU (Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan) is the parent organization of IJU; however a group of militants split apart from the organization in 2002, and this group of organization is what now comprises Islamic Jihadi Union. Amongst the most massive attacks accredited to IJI was the bombing executed in Tashkent in April 2004. This was a suicide attack executed in a crowded market, and though the intelligence agencies were initially putting the blame on other terrorist organizations, IJU claimed responsibility for the attacks. Another attack which was executed targeted Uzbeki Prosecutor General`s Office alongside the Israeli Embassy and the US Embassy. This attack, held in June 2004, was quite a sophisticated one, which indicated the maturity of the organization over ti me. Another attack held in October 2004, which is also accredited to the IJU is the attack in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Also, further attacks were executed in 2007 to support the Al-Qaeda and the Taliban factions of Afghanistan. Major Tactics Like other terrorist organizations of similar nature, IJU uses a variety of tactics to execute its mission plans and leave an impact on the intended actors. Small arms

Does Thomas Jefferson Deserve to Be Honored in American History Term Paper

Does Thomas Jefferson Deserve to Be Honored in American History - Term Paper Example Jefferson was an influential member of the Continental Congress and was an important founding father. When the American Revolution began Jefferson was already part of the Continental Congress being the representative of Virginia. During the revolution Jefferson assumed the position of wartime Governor of Virginia (1779 to 1781) and was barely able to escape capture at the hands of British troops in 1781. He became the third president of the United States of America in 1801 and continued to 1809 amongst a series of bitter sweet political and military decisions that have received appreciation and criticism alike (Ellis). Jefferson has often been accused of copying other people’s ideas (such as those of Locke) when drafting the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It must be borne in mind that Jefferson himself stated that the document was â€Å"meant as a statement of the prevailing sentiments† amongst Americans at that point in time. To expect Jefferson to monopolize the contents of such an important and integral historical document would be a far greater sin than his admission that the ideas carried in the document were borrowed. In drafting the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was merely trying to reflect on the state of current polity on the American continent and not trying to be a â€Å"creative director† of the American Revolution (Malone). Another of Jefferson’s more important actions was his drafting of the Virginia Statutes for Religious Freedom in 1777 which can be seen as the founding document for the cherished American ideals of liberation and freedom. As a result of this document the Church was separated from the State and it served as a precedent for others to follow. Religious liberation at such an early stage in the nascent American nation’s history helped America to avoid the costly and meaningless religious wars that were still being fought on the European continent. Jefferson was denounced as a â€Å"g odless heathen† by a number of his contemporaries because of this document and its implications but he waded through this mess in order to offer the nation religious liberation. Such actions on the part of Jefferson cannot be downplayed as they represented a large initiative for a society that derived its roots from some nuances of religion. Moreover Jefferson was instrumental in setting up the University of Virginia in 1819 which was aimed at upgrading the existing levels of higher education in the United States. Similarly Jefferson’s purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France near doubled the size of the United States although the entire transaction is mired in controversy (Wilentz). Jefferson was not open to the idea of such a large purchase for largely political reasons but he nonetheless went ahead with the purchase at the insistence of his advisors and his representatives for the negotiation. Preceding Jefferson’s regime the American shipping industry had to pay large endowments to the Barbary pirates in order to guarantee safe passage in the Mediterranean. However during Jefferson’s regime the demands of the Barbary States assumed ludicrous proportions so Jefferson decided to pursue hard military action against the pirates in order to quell the problem. Jefferson’s decision to pursue military action set the tone for future American engagement in global

Balanced Scorecard and Strategy Map Essay Example for Free

Balanced Scorecard and Strategy Map Essay Balanced Scorecard: Part of a system that translates strategy into action. Also, gives a balanced view in four perspectives of how well an organization is driving execution and how successful the results are. The four perspectives in the balanced scorecard and strategy map give executives a more balanced view of their organization. Strategy Map: Represents how an organization will execute its strategy. The Strategy Map shows the objectives needed to execute the strategy and casual links between objectives. It can also be a tool for clear communication and help identify the â€Å"critical few† metrics to monitor strategic execution. Examples: The first of the four aspects contained in the Balanced Scorecard is the Customers. Finding ways to appeal to your customers can be a tough task, but it is one that has to be assessed. For my company, we will have to differentiate between trying to be the broad differentiator or trying to be the low-cost leader. Customer complaints and concerns can also be an issue, so we will want to monitor and record all of those statements to ensure customer satisfaction. In order for us to succeed financially, we have to make sure that we are presenting ourselves well to our shareholders. Do we want to achieve a certain earnings per share or a certain income figure? Our goal this year may be to break even or reach a certain revenue level. Whichever the case may be, we will have to be firm in what we are trying to accomplish. The financial section of the scorecard looks at the company’s financial goals and how they are meeting the goals both currently and in the future. For my company, it will be the most important metric because we want to show our  shareholders the exact progress and growth of the company accurately. Our company will want to continue to grow and have the ability to adapt and improve. In order to do so, we will have to provide detail metrics to track our growth and expansion if there is any. Metrics may include employee retention rates or even the number of training hours for full-time employees. As an organization, it is necessary to adapt to a changing landscape through employee training, learning, and development. With these metrics we can look into the future of the organization, instead of taking a snapshot of how the organization is performing right now. To satisfy our shareholders and customers, we can either sell a large quantity of items at a low price or focus completely on a high quality product that comes at a premium price. Both strategies could be effective, but we will only be able to choose one to fulfill the vision of what we want the company to be in the future. The Strategy Map and Balanced Scorecard go hand in hand and are vital platforms that all companies need to be successful. I like to compare it to the checks and balances system that our government has had in place since its birth. The balanced scorecard monitors finances, performance, growth, and vision while the strategy map makes sure that all of these metrics are organized and focused towards achieving our companies’ goals. References Person, R. (2013). Accelerating Strategic Performace. In Balanced Scorecards Operational Dashboards With Microsoft Excel (2.nd ed., p. 6, 7, 8). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley ;.

The Ramifications of Green Political Thought :: essays research papers

The Ramifications of Green Political Thought According to Andrew Dobson The fundamental concept Andrew Dobson brings out in his novel Green Political Thought, is the revolutionary im-plications of ecologism. Dobson describes ecology as â€Å"deep green thinking.† He asserts that ecologism is a distinctive political ideology, which is separate from environmentalism, just as liberal-ism, conservatism, and socialism are kept separate from one another. He further maintains that what sets ecologism apart from other ideologies is "its focus on the relation-ship between human beings and the non-human natural world." Dobson further states that the purpose of green con-sumerism is to distinguish â€Å"need from want.† The laborious role of a true green society becomes the ability to formu-late strategies that define and reestablish the relation-ships between production and consumption. Without limits to our consumption, catastrophic consequences are inevita-ble for the environment and those who inhabit it. Such af-ter-affects of technological misuse include global warming, deforestation, pesticide poisoning, ozone depletion, acid rain, and species loss. Hence, solutions to remedy these by-products of limited consumption are the basis for con-troversy among people in present day society. Moreover, if the theories of modern ecology and sus-tainability (or lack there of) hold true, the ramifications of this ideology become global. Dobson creatively illus-trates in his book that there are not any simple solutions to correcting the shadowy future that industrialism is be-stowing upon us. The author further emphasizes two criti-cal features in relation to ecology and sustainability. The first is that technological solutions will not bring fourth infinite materials in a finite system. Secondly, the exponential growth of industrialism promises that Earth’s resources are unsustainable in lieu of the growing population. With that having been said, the challenge of the ecological movement is to convince the consensus that change is prudent. The heart of the debate of limited con-sumption involves the tradeoffs required to achieve sus-tainable development. For now, the majority of society would rather leave the grievances of repoliticalization and social change for the f uture generations to deal with, rather than conserving today, in order to plan for tomor-row. Here, I mean conserving in the sense of not merely â€Å"cutting back,† but actually re-thinking the technological processes utilized to achieve the luxuries that we as a so-ciety have become so accustomed to. However, if society resolved to save the world today, the most valued promise of achieving sustainable develop-ment would lie in the following grass-roots efforts which involve: satisfying basic needs, optimum use and protection of the environment, and empowerment of groups and communi-ties.

The Bible speaks of love

The Bible speaks of love as a set of attitudes and actions that are far broader than the concept of love as an emotional attachment. Love is seen as a set of behaviors: â€Å"Place me like a seal over your heart, like a seal on your arm; for love is as strong as death, it’s jealously unyielding as the grave. It burns like a blazing fire, like a mighty flame. Many waters cannot quench love; rivers cannot wash it away. If one were to give all the wealth of his house for love, it would be utterly scorned.† (Song of Solomon 8: 6-7) Setting the quote beside Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily, we see their differences stand out in stark contrast. The love as it exists in the story is very different from the love that the Bible talks about. In fact, they are polar opposites. While the love that the Bible talks about is steadfast and willing to fight, in does so in a manner that is reasonable and upright. The Bible speaks of an ideal love that is lucid, even as it enduring and powerful. The love that is portrayed in Faulkner’s story is a destructive obsession that drove the main character to commit murder. Emily’s deep loneliness stems from a childhood deprived of a loving home. Emily did not want for material things, but there was no warmth in her home. And she grew up longing for a genuine connection with another person. That is why she fell madly in love at the first man she had met. (Faulkner, 2002) Looking at Emily’s story, I wonder if she really fell in love. Can love ever spring from a place of fear? While I cannot fault Emily for it, she was desperately afraid of being alone.   She was willing to embrace the illusion of love, and hold on to it nail, tooth and claws. And when the man she wanted did not return her feelings, Emily did not let him go. Rather than face the truth and move on, Emily killed the man she â€Å"loved,† and carried the secret to her grave. I think that reflecting on the love that the Bible talks about is important. Indeed, true love fights and is enduring and passionate. But love should always bring out the best in us, not drive us to madness like what happened with Emily. We all fall into the illusion of love, because like Emily, most of us are so afraid of being alone. But love in its purest sense can never come from a place of fear. In such cases, love mutates into a dangerous obsession that can drive us to commit desperate acts. True love is always self-sacrificing. When you are in love, the welfare and happiness of your loved one always comes first. There is no room for revenge or spite for those whose hearts love deeply and purely. It will fight for true love and let go if that is what is necessary to make our loved ones happy. References: Bible. Song of Solomon. 8:6-7. NIV. Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† Literature: The Human Experience. 8th ed. Ed. Richard Abcarian and Marvin Klotz. Boston: Bedford, 666–672. 2002.                                                                        

Arms Race

The great war of 1914 was one of the bloodiest conflicts modern man has yet experienced. Its consequences reached far from the battlefield and into the towns, homes and families of the soldiers. There are many arguable points one could debate regarding the origins of WW1 but much guilt resides on the part of the arms race. An arms race can best be described as one country adding a portion to Its military then a neighboring country doing the same because It is nervous.The two countries continuously keep adding to their military might to keep up with one nother. Edward Cray, Britain's foreign secretary from 1906-1916 offered a good examplel . If one country builds a rail way to the border of a neighboring country, then that country will feel threatened and subsequently will build a railroad of its own to the border. Anticipating an attack, the first country will begin to mobilize its army and perhaps build weapons. The second country now feels incredibly threatened and mobilizes its ow n army calling in all the reserve troops possible.Gray assessed that the only way to stop an arms race is war. An arms race does not simply start on its own. There is indubitably some event that triggers the arming of a country. In WWI, that can be attributed to the treaties between European countries2. When Austria and Serbia get into a dispute, Austria Issues an ultimatum with ten conditions. Serbia agrees to all but one and starts looking around for backup In case of attack. Serbia forms an alliance with Russia because Russia hates Austria. When Austria finds out they call their friend Germany for an alliance.Russia subsequently calls France knowing that France is looking for an easy shot to get back at Germany Tor tne Franco-Prusslan war Trom akes them pay dearly n w cn Germany aeTeats France ana for the loss3. On the day of the ultimatum, Austria declares war on Serbia, Russia declares war on Austria, Germany declares war on Russia, and France declares war on Germany. French an d German Military development France had bounced back fairly quickly after the Franco-Prussian war and paid off their debts ahead of time. They were quickly becoming an industrialized nation with many assets.Their progress made both Germany and Britain wary because they both wanted to be the most powerful country and were insecure about any sort of threat. Around 1912 when things were beginning to heat up in Europe Russia, Germany and France began to ramp up their military forces4. Germany Added 120,000 men to its army in anticipation of trouble. With Germany beginning to arm, France passes a compulsory service law that required all men ages 20-40 to serve in the military for a set amount of time. For twenty years, Frances army had been growing faster that Germanys.This changed drastically though when Germany decided to start pouring majority of their resources into their military. Germany, although not one hundred percent responsible for the war, certainly did not back away from it . They participated in arms races such as these and instigated others such as the naval arms race. When war came about, Germany was more than ready for it because to their years of preparation due to the arms race. English and German Army development Around this same time Germany was trying to cause an issue between France and Britain over the country of Morocc05.Germany was trying to cause issues over the independence of Morocco mainly because they themselves had personal commercial interests in the area and they wanted to insight strife between the two fore mentioned countries. An international conference was called and Germany did not get its way. This critically weekend the already strained relations between Britain and Germany and France and Germany. After Germany failed to get what it wanted, it stopped relying so much on diplomacy and more and more on brute military power.As a result of this, Britain formed an elite group of men numbering 150,000 in size that was ready to cro ss the English Channel at a moment's notice to invade Germany6. Germany knew this and was made nervous by it prompting them to mobilize even more. Russian and German arms Development When Russia saw this, they became concerned and added 500,000 to their own army and launched the â€Å"Great Military Program† that would add 10 percent to its army each following year. Russia had the most available man power but it was also the least industrialized of the major powers which would prove to be a very serious setback.Germany had not been really bothered by France and Russia arming themselves until they formed the Franco Russian Alliance in 18947. If war were to break out, Germany would be fghting on two fronts instead of only one which could spread their resources to the limit. Because Russia's army was 300,000 men bigger tnan Germanys In IYUU, Germany Increased ne growtn 0T Its army even more In anticipation of having to fght a raging battle on two fronts. Russia's army was consid ered a steam roller and was believe to be able to Just â€Å"roll† over any obstacle in its path with no trouble at a118.By this point, Germany, Russia, England, and France all had the new intentions of war such as the maxim gun, airplanes, and gas. They also had the factories to produce them. Some had better infrastructure already in place but they all had the capability. Germanys advantage ver both Russia and France was its incredible train system that would allow it to mobilize much quicker. The land arms race in general It is quite impressive to look at the spending of European countrys on their defense system in the years leading up to World War 1. Looking at the data, it seems quite obvious that we were on the brink of war.As far as defense spending goes, Germany was the most dramatic influx in spending per capita. While most countries populations are increasing at the about average rate while Russia more than doubles in size. As fore mentioned they were a formidable am ount of man ower yet not yet quite industrialized enough to use these men to their full potential. Britain and German Naval Race In the years preceding WWI, Britain had been making an effort to expand their navy. Due to their status as an island nation, it was imperative that they maintain a powerful naw to protect their interests.Also, in the days of empires, Britain had to maintain a powerful maritime force to protect their interest across the world. In 1889 Britain passed a series of laws known as the â€Å"Two Power Standard†10. This policy states that Britain must maintain a fleet at least as big as the fleets of two other ountries combined. When this policy originally passed, they were looking at Russia and France. Whenever these two nations built new ships, Britain would build an equal or greater numDer In order to stay at or aoove tne same level 0T prestige.Britain encountered some trouble when The United States of America, soon to become the most powerful, prestigiou s, and desirable country in the world, started building an elite naval fghting force. At this same time, Japan and Germany were both developing their maritime forcesl 1 . Originally, Germany wanted to threaten Britain into Joining he triple alliance by building their naw but this had the opposite effect. Winston Churchill pointed out that Germany did not really need a naval force and it was more of a â€Å"luxury' while Britain's was a necessity.Sir Edward Gray stated that Britain's naw is to them what Germanys army is to Germany. They also argued that Germany was only producing a naw to threaten Britain's commercial trade interests and their imperial colonies. However, Britain is not the kind of country to sit around aimlessly while they feel threatened. They responded by building a new type of ship powered by a turbine engine called the Dreadnaughtl 2. This new fghting wonder was supposedly capable of sinking an entire fleet of it's less powerful and agile predecessor the common battle ship.Germanys strategy was not to build a naw so significant that it could beat Britain's in an all-out display of might but one Just big enough to keep Britain's naw busy. By continuing to build ships with no intent of outbuilding Britain, they kept Britain nervous and spending a lot of money they did not necessarily have to. After England introduced the dreadnought, Germany was not far behind. Although they did not want to out build Britain, they could not afford o be outnumbered by ships of such a superior caliber.As it stood in 1914, Britain had 23 dreadnaughts, 10 battle cruisers, 30 pre-dreadnoughts, 47 cruisers, 61 light cruisers, 225 destroyers and 70 submarines13. This was the biggest naw in the world. Germany was in second place with 13 dreadnaughts, 6 battle cruisers, 30 pre- dreadnoughts, 14 cruisers, 35 light cruisers, 152 destroyers, and 30 submarines. We can attribute the fact that Germany is most renowned in this wasr for the use of submarines due to their sin king of high profile targets like the Lusitania.Also, Britain's submarines would not have had the great opportunity at sinking ships German submarines did because there were not as many German trade ships floating around. Looking at these numbers, we can tell that Germany had precisely built the amount of ships they needed to keep the Englanders occupied and nervous. This was a very good plan on Germanys part because every dollar Britain was pouring into their naw was a dollar that would not go towards their land force. Germanys army was far bigger than England's and they wanted it to stay that way.In 1912, Britain ctually tried to reach a settlement with Germany regarding the future of the arms race but it proved unsuccessful when Germany rejected it14. Britain did not want to keep pouring as much money as they were into their naw or military at all. As a result of Germanys refusal, Britain recalled all their ships across the world back to home waters to be ready for an attack. The other Naval Powers France ta s tnlra place wltn 14 areaanaugnts, no Dattle crulsers, 15 pre- dreadnaughts, 19 cruisers, 6 light cruisers, 81 destroyers, and no submarines. America came in behind France in fourth place.We had 10 dreadnaughts, 1 battle cruiser, 7 pre-dreadnaughts, 8 cruisers, Slight cruisers, 106 destroyers, and 39 submarines. We ruined Britain's 2:1 policy in 1916 when Woodrow Wilson passed a law that required our naw to be at least as big as Britain's. Russia also had a mid- sized naw although it was iced in to their cold and inhospitable harbor at St. Petersburg. They possessed 4 dreadnaughts, 1 battle cruiser, 7 pre-dreadnaughts, 8 cruisers, 5 light cruisers, 106 destroyers, and 36 submarines15. Japan was also a cause of worry for both Germany and Britain at first hen they emerged from their mystical land with a not inconsequential navy.They possessed 4 dreadnaughts, 2 battle cruisers, 2 pre-dreadnaughts, 9 cruisers, 1 5 light cruisers, 56 destroyers, and 15 subm arines. All these naws had been escalating dramatically over the years leading up to World War 1 even though most of the fghting was to be on land. This was because if one country could have a big enough naw to hold a blockade across a main importing port of the enemy to cut off their supplies. In conclusion, I think we can definitively say that Sir Edward Gray was correct when e stated that the only means to end an arms race is through war.Once things begin to escalate, there is only a small disturbance that is necessary to catapult the countries involved into all-out war as seen in The Great war. Once an army is mobilized and hostile with another country, the only thing necessary to get the ball rolling is a degrading remark from a high up official or perhaps a trigger happy soldier. All this could be avoided if the countries had not been trying to compete against each other in the development of arms, armies, and navies.

Flirts and Philanderers

Flirts and Philanderers Flirts and Philanderers Flirts and Philanderers By Maeve Maddox When I was a child, I learned that the name Philadelphia derives from the Greek words philos (loving) and adelphos (brother) and that William Penn chose the name because he wanted to establish â€Å"a city of brotherly love.† I’ve recently learned that the word philander derives from the Greek words philos (loving) and andro (man/male) and that in ancient Greek it meant â€Å"a lover of men.† According to a note in the OED, the word in Hellenistic Greek could also be applied to a woman who loved the man who was her husband. Philander was appropriated by 17th century poets as a stock name for a lover and came to be used for any man known for his popularity with women: You know I was always a Philander among the ladies.† (OED citation, 1785) In modern use, philander has become a verb that has in turn produced the agent noun philanderer. philander (verb): to engage in casual sexual encounters. Used chiefly of men. philanderer (noun): a man who philanders. Both the OED and Merriam-Webster give flirt as a synonym for philanderer, but philanderer is more negative and gender-specific than flirt. Either a man or a woman may be a flirt, but a philanderer is a man. Another difference is that flirting applies to a playful sort of sexual innuendo that does not assume sexual activity, while philandering connotes promiscuity and lack of marital or romantic integrity. Here are examples of recent use of philandering and philanderer: Power and  philandering  seem to go hand in hand.   Actor Jon Hamm has played the  philandering  ad executive Don Draper on the American Movie Classics show Mad Men. Unlike many presidents,  Nixon  had never been suspected of being a  philanderer. [In] 2007, Vitter was exposed as a paying philanderer. Here are some additional words that are or have been used to describe men of loose character: Casanova Don Juan Lothario playboy rake rouà © skirt-chaser womanizer Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Is She a "Lady" or a "Woman"?16 Misquoted QuotationsA "Diploma" is not a "Degree"

The Northern Lowlands Region of the Maya Civilization

The Northern Lowlands Region of the Maya Civilization The Maya lowlands are where the Classic Maya civilization arose. An extensive area including almost some 250,000 square kilometers, the Maya lowlands are located in the northern part of Central America, in the Yucatan peninsula, Guatemala and Belize below approximately 800 meters above sea level. There is little exposed surface water: what there is can be found in lakes in the Peten, swamps and cenotes, natural sinkholes created by the Chicxulub crater impact. But the area receives tropical rainfall in its rainy season (May- January), from 20 inches a year in the southern part to a whopping 147 inches in the northern Yucatan. The area is characterized by shallow or waterlogged soils, and was once covered in dense tropical forests. The forests harbored a range of animals, including two kinds of deer, peccary, tapir, jaguar, and several species of monkeys. The lowland Maya grew avocado, beans, chili peppers, squash, cacao and maize, and raised turkeys. Sites in the Maya Lowlands Mexico: Dzibilchaltun, Mayapan, Uxmal, Tulum, Ek Balam, Labna, Calakmul, Palenque, Yaxchilan, Bonampak, Coba Belize: Altun Ha, Pulltrouser Swamp, Xunantunich, Lamanai Guatemala: El Mirador, Piedras Negras, Nakbe, Tikal, Ceibal Sources This glossary entry is part of the Guide to the Maya Civilization and the Dictionary of Archaeology. See the Maya Civilization bibliography Ball, Joseph W. 2001. The Maya Lowlands North. pp. 433-441 in Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America, edited by Susan Toby Evans and David L. Webster. Garland, New York City. Houston, Stephen D. 2001. The Maya Lowlands South. pp. 441-447 in Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America, edited by Susan Toby Evans and David L. Webster. Garland, New York City.

Organizational Tax Research and Planning - Tax Reform Paper

Organizational Tax and Planning - Tax Reform - Research Paper Example This proposal can be implemented by providing qualified employers with wage increases accompanied by a tax credit (Committee on Ways and Means, 2013). The tax credit should be equal to 10% of the increase in the employer’s wage increase. The maximum amount of the increase could be set at five million dollars per employer. On the other hand, the maximum credit should be $500,000 in order to focus on the benefits accruing to the small businesses. Indeed this proposal is the most viable. This rationale can be explained by the fact that a tax credit would reduce labor costs in the economy thus, encouraging firms to hire more workers (Jurinski, 2000). Employees will also benefit since, they will secure job opportunities in the economy. A tax credit would be more beneficial compared to a flat subsidy because, the temporary tax credit for all firms would lead to sharing of the credits and providing an incentive that would lead to an increase in employment and wages that previously, w ould have been increased without an incentive. An incremental tax credit will also have an effect of rewarding corporate businesses by expanding industries and regions in the country while at the same time helping those firms and industries that might be still experiencing economic stagnation. Therefore, indeed corporate taxpayers have huge benefits to reap from this policy. Businesses experiencing labor shortages due to the recession will also benefit from the increase in the employment (Jurinski, 2000).... ecause, the temporary tax credit for all firms would lead to sharing of the credits and providing an incentive that would lead to an increase in employment and wages that previously, would have been increased without an incentive. An incremental tax credit will also have an effect of rewarding corporate businesses by expanding industries and regions in the country while at the same time helping those firms and industries that might be still experiencing economic stagnation. Therefore, indeed corporate taxpayers have huge benefits to reap from this policy. Businesses experiencing labor shortages due to the recession will also benefit from the increase in the employment (Jurinski, 2000). With the tax relief, businesses will also increase their profitability level since; they will have increased their productivity. The key impact of repatriating foreign profits earned without incurring a federal tax liability is reduction of a tax expense on corporations (Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Cent er, 2013). Corporations will have a lower trading expense when given a tax credit on the federal tax. In addition, many trading corporations will also be attracted to engage in foreign trade. This is because; most businesses normally shy away from foreign trade due to the high federal taxes. Therefore, they prefer trading in the local market in order to avoid incurring these tax expenses. Reduction of the federal tax liability will also have positive implications on the US economy (Jurinski, 2000). This is because there will be many businesses engaged in foreign trade and thus, there will be an increase in foreign income generated to the country. The demand for goods and services produced in the country will also increase since; corporations will be serving both the local and foreign